Histological analysis of somatic embryogenesis from shoot explant of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Abstract The goal of this research was to investigate the ontogenic path followed by somatic embryo from oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis jacq.) with in vitro culture and characterize shoot explants. Explant were injected into a medium for induction calluses, histological analysis perfomed on embryogenic callus embryo. Embryogenic nodular structure still proliferate because cells are meristematic very actively dividing. samples dehydrated an alcohol series, FAA-fixed paraffin-infused this. For staining sample, it done inserting sample 1% safranin dye 12 hours, then rinsed distilled water until color completely disappeared, continued dehydration ethanol added 2% fast green solution 30 seconds. Oil embryos consist 3 phases, namely globular, skutelar coleoptilar, where globular phase will be larger than callus. size > 200 μm characteristics phase, formation epidermal tissue, tissue is result differentiation surface layer called protoderm. This periclinal cleavage at transition proembryonic phase. method multiplication allowed original cell mass proliferate, resulting new calli lineages, particularly yellowish lineage, which gave rise embryos.